Answer:
A hot spot is an area on Earth over a mantle plume or an area under the rocky outer layer of Earth, called the crust, where magma is hotter than surrounding magma. The magma plume causes melting and thinning of the rocky crust and widespread volcanic activity.
Hope this is what you mean be hot spot!
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Answer:
C. Lithium is most easily oxidized of the metals listed on the activity series and therefore it will most easily give electrons to metal cations
Explanation:
"Lithium" is a type of alkali metal that has a "single valence electron." Since it is a reactive element, it easily gives up an electron when it is combined with other elements. Such giving up of electron is meant to create compounds or bonds.
Among the common metals listed, "lithium" is the most easily oxidized. This means that it donates its electrons immediately. Such combination makes it exist as a<em> "cation"</em> or <em>"positively-charged."</em>
So, this explains the answer.
*A & B*
Answers A & B are not possible, as Hydrogen “bonds” are intermolecular forces and do not actually involve transfer or sharing of electrons.
*C & D*
Viscosity and surface tension are not the answer as they are not specific enough to the question.
*E*
Polarity of water molecules is the correct answer, as water molecules are highly polar. The partial positive of the Hydrogen on one water molecule is highly attracted to the partial negative of the Oxygen (due to its lone pairs) on another water molecule.
I think there is a lack of information in the given problem above such as the grams of copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide that was used in the experiment. Kindly resubmit the question with the complete details so that we can help you. Thank you.