The seven dots around flourine are the valence electrons
Liquids have free and fast moving particles. Liquids do not take a specific shape unless they are enclosed such as in a bottle. Anyway, since they are free flowing when they freeze, their movement becomes very slow. Eventually the particles will not have room to move as they used to and will be held in one place. The particles are still moving but they are only shaking or vibrating in the same place. You can't even tell this movement is happening, and that is what happens when liquid freezes.
The reaction that should be followed is
Na2SO4 + C<span>a(NO3)2 --> CaSO4 + 2NaNO3</span>
first calculate the limiting reactant
mol Na2SO4 = 0.075 L (<span>1.54×10−2 mol / L) = 1.155x10-3 mol
mol Ca(NO3)2 = 0.075 L (</span><span>1.22×10−2 mol / L) = 9.15x10-4 mol
so the limiting reactant is the Ca(NO3)2
so all of the Ca2+ will be precipitated, percentage unprecipitated = 0.00 % </span>
