A proton gradient is an important part of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration because couple the favorable flow of H+ to transport specific metabolites into and out of organelles.
<h3>What is the proton gradient?</h3>
The gradient is sometimes called the proton-motive and can be thought of as a form of energy, force and force in a battery. Like other ions, protons are not able to cross directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane, as the interior of the membrane is hydrophobic.
The proton gradient generated by this manipulation provided a driving force for ATP synthesis in the absence of light. This confirms the chemiosmotic theory, where a chemical potential across the membrane can provide energy for ATP synthesis.
The proton gradient produced by pumping protons during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP.
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Matter can change from one state to another when thermal energy is absorbed or released. A great example is Ice having its state changed to the liquid that is WATER. When ice is heated, it absorbs thermal energy and its temperature rises. At some point, the temperature stops rising and the ice begins to change to water, a liquid. As we all know, The change from the solid state to the liquid state is called melting.
Answer:
In this case, Gibberellic acid acts as a transcription regulator
Explanation:
Gibberellic acid is a hormone that activates the transcription of genes during growth. The genes that encode for regulators of the gibberellin signaling pathway were manipulated in order to increase grain yields during the green revolution
Answer:
A. 3/16
Explanation:
The four possible outcomes for Stem length are:
Tt, tT, TT and tt.
The dominant trait (tall stems) will manifest itself in 3 out of 4 outcomes, so its ratio is 3/4.
The four possible outcomes for flower coloration are:
Rr, rR, RR and rr.
The non-dominant trait (white flowers) will manifest itself in 1 out of 4 outcomes, so its ratio is 1/4.
Multiplying both ratios gives us the ratio of offspring that have tall stems and white flowers:
Therefore, the answer is A. 3/16