There are two conditions necessary for total internal reflection, which is when light hits the boundary between two mediums and reflects back into its original medium:
Light is about to pass from a more optically dense medium (slower) to a less optically dense medium (faster).
The angle of incidence is greater than the defined critical angle for the two mediums, which is given by:
θ = sin⁻¹(/)
Where θ = critical angle, = refractive index of faster medium, = refractive index of slower medium.
Choice C gives one of the above necessary conditions.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Ionization Energy Trends
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its gaseous phase. Conceptually, ionization energy is the opposite of electronegativity. ... As a result, it is easier for valence shell electrons to ionize, and thus the ionization energy decreases down a group
Answer:Water Only
Explanation:
Given
vessel is insulated therefore no heat can be added or removed i.e. heat exchange is zero
If hot water at is mixed with cold water at then at equilibrium vessel contains only water and final temperature of water will be between and
Heat released by hot water is equal to heat gain by cold water .