Answer:
a) increases with increase in reflux ratio
Explanation:
If we increase the reflux ratio, which can de defined as : L/D = Condesate back to column /distillate discarded from column, it means that we increase the amount of condensate back to column. So the reboiler load will increase and be maximum in case of Total reflux ratio. And as vapor load will be increased, diameter of column will be increased too.
Answer:
16
Explanation:
Group two elements are alkaline earth metal.
All these have two valance electrons. In order to achieve noble gas configuration it loses its two valance and get complete octet.
Reaction with group 16.
Reaction with oxygen,
They react with oxygen and form oxide.
2Ba + O₂ → 2BaO
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
2Ca + O₂ → 2CaO
this oxide form hydroxide when react with water,
BaO + H₂O → Ba(OH)₂
MgO + H₂O → Mg(OH)₂
CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂
With sulfur,
Mg + S → MgS
Ca + S → CaS
Ba + S → BaS
We can calculate years by using the half-life equation. It is expressed as:
A = Ao e^-kt
<span>where A is the amount left at t years, Ao is the initial concentration, and k is a constant.
</span>From the half-life data, we can calculate for k.
1/2(Ao) = Ao e^-k(1620)
<span>k = 4.28 x 10^-4
</span>
0.125 = 1 e^-<span>4.28 x 10^-4 (</span>t)
t = 4259 years
Atoms are (stable) if it has (valence) electrons in its outer most energy level.
Answer:
![[Ag^{+}]=4.2\times 10^{-2}M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BAg%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%3D4.2%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-2%7DM)
Explanation:
Given:
[AgNO3] = 0.20 M
Ba(NO3)2 = 0.20 M
[K2CrO4] = 0.10 M
Ksp of Ag2CrO4 = 1.1 x 10^-12
Ksp of BaCrO4 = 1.1 x 10^-10
![Ksp=[Ba^{2+}][CrO_{4}^{2-}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Ksp%3D%5BBa%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D%5BCrO_%7B4%7D%5E%7B2-%7D%5D)
![1.2\times 10^{-10}=(0.20)[CrO_{4}^{2-}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1.2%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-10%7D%3D%280.20%29%5BCrO_%7B4%7D%5E%7B2-%7D%5D)
![[CrO_{4}^{2-}]=\frac{1.2\times 10^{-10}}{(0.20)}= 6.0\times 10^{-10}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BCrO_%7B4%7D%5E%7B2-%7D%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1.2%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-10%7D%7D%7B%280.20%29%7D%3D%206.0%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-10%7D)
Now,
![Ksp=[Ag^{+}]^{2}[CrO_{4}^{2-}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Ksp%3D%5BAg%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D%5BCrO_%7B4%7D%5E%7B2-%7D%5D)
![1.1\times 10^{-12}=[Ag^{+}]^{2}](6.0\times 10^{-10})](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1.1%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-12%7D%3D%5BAg%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D%5D%286.0%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-10%7D%29)
![[Ag^{+}]^{2}]=\frac{1.1\times 10^{-12}}{(6.0\times 10^{-10})}= 1.8\times 10^{-3}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BAg%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1.1%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-12%7D%7D%7B%286.0%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-10%7D%29%7D%3D%201.8%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-3%7D)
![[Ag^{+}]=\sqrt{1.8\times 10^{-3}}=4.2\times 10^{-2}M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BAg%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%3D%5Csqrt%7B1.8%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-3%7D%7D%3D4.2%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-2%7DM)
So, BaCrO4 will start precipitating when [Ag+] is 4.2 x 1.2^-2 M
