C. Cells
Cells make up organs, which make up organisms, which make up populations
Neural control of GFR is mediated by Sympathetic neurons that innervate alpha receptors on vascular smooth muscle causing Vasoconstriction.
<h3>How is GFR regulated?</h3>
- The sympathetic division of the nervous system regulates the GFR or Glomerular Filtration Rate.
- GFR is the sum total of filtration rates of all the working nephrons in the kidney.
- Sympathetic division comes into action when the mean arterial pressure is very low (below 80mmHg).
- In response to low blood pressure, the medulla releases norepinephrine through sympathetic nerves.
- Norepinephrine leads to activation of alpha receptors on arteries which cause vasoconstriction.
- Alpha receptors are more abundant on afferent arterioles.
- This leads to vasoconstriction (narrowing) of arteries supplying to the glomerulus.
- This decreases blood flow to glomerulus, leading to decrease in GFR.
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Answer: The correct option is A.
Biosphere and ecosystems
Explanation:
This is because Biosphere and ecosystems include non living things and biosphere is the layer of the ecosystem that consist of both living and non living things.
Ecosystem consist of a area which consist of living things like plants, animals e t.c interacting with the non living part of the environment I e physical part which include temperature, soil e.t.c.