They are positively or negatively charged based on their electrical configuration of electrons*
For example an electronic configuration of 2,8,3 would have a negative charge if +3 since it needs to lose 3 electrons to gain the electrical configuration of a noble gas
2,8,1 would have a charge of +1 for the same reason
2,8,6 would be -2 since it is easier to gain 2 electrons that lose 6 electrons
Hope this helped :))
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed . (ans: second choice)
Global wind patterns are mainly determined by unequal heating of the earth's surface, changes in air pressure, and earth's rotation. Change in air pressure: Air mainly circulates due to change in air pressure. It moves from a region of high air pressure to the region of lower air pressure.