Answer:
A proton gradient is generated by the transport of protons into the thylakoid lumen.
Protons move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma through ATP synthase, producing ATP.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, the environment is made acidic inside the lumen i.e. H⁺ are pumped into thylakoid lumen from stroma as a result of which more H⁺ are present in the thylakoid lumen as compared to stroma. It happens during light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. The concentration of H⁺ is already higher in lumen and transfer of more and more H⁺ from stroma increases the concentration of H⁺ even more leading to generation of a potential gradient. These H⁺ subsequently tend to move freely from lumen to stroma via "reverse pumps known as ATP synthase". The reason why these are known as reverse pumps is because pumps usually move particles from lower to higher concentration which is an active movement i.e. not natural so such movement requires energy. Naturally particles move from higher to lower concentration gradient until the concentration becomes equal on both the sides but pumps act opposite of this natural process and move particles from lower to higher concentration and utilize energy to do it. But here H⁺ are moving from higher to lower concentration which occurs naturally so ATP synthase rather than using energy tend to generate energy and this free energy is used to generate ATP from ADP & Pi (inorganic phosphate).
20 chromosomes because unfertilised eggs contains half the number of bodily chromosomes
The answer is 4ml
Lasix is made of furosemide, a diuretic drugs that frequently used. To know the volume of drug needed, you need to divide the dose needed by the drug concentration. The dose gien is 40mg per dose while the concentration of the drug is 10mg/ml. The drug administered per doses would be: 40mg/ (10mg/ml)= 4ml
A. Organic compounds - C₃N₂H₄ , C₆H₅F and C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Organic compounds are compounds which have Carbon except few compounds such as carbon dioxide, cyanide. Other than Carbon, other elements also present such as Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen. But Carbon is considered as the main element of organic compounds.
B. Inorganic substances - AIBr₃ , CrO₃ and <span>H</span>₂<span>O</span>₂
Inorganic substances are the compounds which do not own C-H bonds. Most inorganic compounds do not have carbon as their element except few. (Cyanides, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and so on are considered as inorganic although they have carbon).
Answer:
d) 5'-UGUGUGUGUGUGUGUG...-3'
Explanation:
A UG dinucleotide is when UG is repeated.
mRNAs are transcribed and translated as a 5' to 3' molecule. Therefore, the direction should be 5' - 3'.
For the mRNA to be in frame, it must start with UG. The only option that runs 5' - 3' and is in frame for a UG dinucleotide is d.
