Well, originally Earth's life was extremely simple; there were only single-celled organisms. As time went on, they adapted to different environments. After that, some organisms turned into macrophages, or cells that eat things, including other cells.
Soon, some cells began to bisexually reproduce, creating a multicellular organism. These organisms were still very simple and not as complex as today's living things, but definitely more complicated than the earlier generations of life before them.
They started to adapt and evolve, as well. Another important thing to mention was Earth's atmosphere at the time. Earth didn't have it's protective little blanket of ozone that it does today, so nothing could live on the surface.
As time went on, Earth's ozone layer began to develop, preventing harmful ultraviolet light from piercing the atmosphere. Organisms slowly began to appear on land, while many others stayed in the ocean.
Evolution and adaptation occured over and over to a countless number of species, creating a huge diversity of fauna and flora. Then, most of them died. It is commonly believed today that a large asteroid struck the Earth, killing off most of its organisms.
Then, the cycle repeated. This time, however, things were different. Many organisms weren't wiped out, both on land and in water, allowing for new species to develop.
Some organisms ate other organisms. This made the prey evolve to have a higher chance of survival against the predators. Some evolved, other's didn't, causing a split. Many species did this, so even though many of them were related, they are considered different organisms all together.
This cycle happened over and over, prey vs. predator, evolving and adapting, eating and being eaten. They all grew according to each others' traits.
For example, if a predator can only see certain colors, some prey will evolve to have those colors and/or camoflauge with the ecosystem. This can be seen in the case of a cheetah and a zebra.
We can clearly see the zebra against a field, because the zebra is black and white and the field is orange, but a cheetah doesn't see the orange. It only sees some stripes (the zebra) against more stripes (the field.
Hopefully this helps. In short, everything grew according to everything else's characteristics.
Fun fact: About 99% of all species that lived on Earth are extinct. Crazy, huh?
For 1. 00 l of an aqueous buffer containing 60. 0 mmol of acetic acid (pa=4. 76) and 40. 0 mmol of acetate, the pH of this buffer is 4.58.
<h3>What is handerson Hasselbalch equation? </h3>
It is expressed as:
pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]
where,
[A-] is the molar concentration of conjugate base
[HA] is the molar concentration of weak acid
Given,
pKa = 4.76
<h3>Calculation of concentration:</h3>
C = n/V
= 60/1000
= 0.06M
C = 40/1000
= 0.04M
Now, substituting values in equation we get,
pH = 4.76 + log(0.04/0.06)
pH = 4.76 + (-0.176)
pH = 4.58
Thus by using Henderson Hasselbalch equation we find the value of pH of the buffer is 4.58.
learn more about pH :
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True a negative change in enthalpy means an exothermic reaction
Kinetic energy is produced when the amount of work done on an object relative to its change in energy.
Explanation:
A strong connection is present between within work as well as energy. When work is performed on an object energy is added along with it . Energy can be defined as ability to do certain amount of work on the other hand work means to change in energy . Kinetic energy is produced when the object is in moving position and potential energy is produced when the object is at resting position.
Answer
<em>Laws </em><em>that </em><em>are </em><em>used </em><em>by </em><em>astronomers </em><em>to </em><em>learn </em><em>about </em><em>stars </em><em>indirectly </em><em>are </em><em>as </em><em>given </em><em>below:</em><em>-</em>
- <em>Kirchhoff's First La</em><em>w</em>
- <em>Cassini's laws</em>
