<span>Jake was surprised to see a large boulder falling off the cliff.</span>
<u>Explanation:</u>
In research writing, been guided by a cause refers to writing objectively. This objective or cause is usually<em> </em><em>mentioned in the research question or statement of purpose of a research.</em>
For example, a research question may read;
'<em>What is the relationship between body weight and peoples attitudes towards junk food?
'</em>
In the above research question, it becomes clear to readers that the research would be guided towards getting answers to the question-which is the cause.
Answer is b hope this helps
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