You forgot to add the answers but a non living factor that could contribute could be something like temperature.
Answer:
(B) Energy released from the chemical reaction is used to directly phosphorylate ADP.
(D) Energy released from the chemical reaction is used to directly reduce NAD+
Explanation:
phosphorylation is a addition of phosphoryl group to an organic compound.Substrate level phosphorylation is a process where there is ATP is produced from ADP by transferring a high energy phosphate group from phosphorylated metabolic compound.This process occurs in glycolysis and citric acid cycle.and this pathway is exergonic pathway
Daughter cells if I'm not mistaken
