Answer:
For both actin and microtubule polymerization, nucleotide hydrolysis is important for decreasing the binding strength between subunits on filaments.
Explanation:
Cytoskeletal filaments are common to eucaryotic cells and are impotartant to the spatial organization of cells. Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and resistance to shear stress. Microtubules determine the positions of membrane-enclosed organelles and direct intracellular transport. Actin filaments determine the shape of the cell's surface and are necessary for whole-cell locomotion. A large number of accessory proteins are present that link the filaments to other cell components, as well as to each other. Accessory proteins are essential for the assembly of the cytoskeletal filaments in particular locations, and it includes the motor proteins that either move organelles along the filaments or move the filaments themselves.
Actin filaments and microtubules are assembled with expenditure of energy i.e the ATP/GTP tightly bound to actin/tubulin is irreversibly hydrolyzed to ADP/GTP during the assembly process, and liberation of Pi in the medium occurs subsequent to the incorporation of subunits in the polymer. Pi release acts as a switch, causing the destabilization of protein-protein interactions in the polymer, therefore regulating the dynamics of these fibres. The progress is made in four areas: the chemistry of the NTPase reaction; the structure of the intermediates in nucleotide hydrolysis and the nature of the conformational switch; the regulation of parameters involved in dynamic instability of microtubules; and the possible involvement of nucleotide hydrolysis in the macroscopic organization of these polymers in highly concentrated solutions, compared with the simple case of a equilibrium polymers.
Answer:
cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, hemochromatosis, Bloom's syndrome, and ataxia-telangietasia. The X-linked recessive diseases are due to mutations in genes located on the X chromosome and include Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, Fabry's disease, steroid sulfatase deficiency, and ocular albinism.
Explanation:
Answers:
A. 50-70% - neutrophils
B. 20-40% - Lymphocytes
C. 2-8% - monocytes
D. 1-4% - eosinophils
E. < 1% - basophils
Explanation:
The blood differential test is used to estimate the percentage of each class of white blood cell (WBC) present in the blood and to indicate the presence of abnormal or immature cells.
The Test is Performed by taking of blood sample which is smeared onto a glass slide, then it's stained with a unique dye to indicate the class of white blood cells.
The Five class of white blood cells are
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes (B cells and T cells)
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
The different class of white blood cells are given as a percentage:
Neutrophils: 40% to 60%
Lymphocytes: 20% to 40%
Monocytes: 2% to 8%
Eosinophils: 1% to 4%
Basophils: 0.5% to 1%
Band (young neutrophil): 0% to 3%
Answer:
Correct option is D. (All of the above)
Explanation:
Consequences of obesity, and overweight increase the risk of lots of health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and sometimes death as well.
Overweight occurs when a human body mass index is more than 25. It is caused by the taking more calories than are burned by everyday activities or exercise.
