Answer:
a) the molecules can be found in the picture below
b) (i) isocitrate lyase ( isocitrate to glyoxylate)
(ii) malate synthase (glyoxylate to malate)
c) Glyoxylate cycle do no exist in animals
Explanation:
b) in the glyoxylate cycle isocitrate lyase helps in conversion of isocitrate to glyoxylate. Also, helps in conversion of glyoxylate to malate by using malate synthase.
c) Glyoxylate cycle do no exist in animals, it only exist in plants and bacteria. This is because they can produce glucose from acetyl-CoA in required amounts.They have the ability to change acetyl-CoA from fat into glucose. But in animals, this mechanism is not possible.
It’s C because they took out the letter A from the new strand of DNA. btw deletion means to take away and substitution means to sub in a letter. hope that helped!
Answer:
Rafflesia Arnoldii
Explanation:
Both the largest and the rarest flower in the entire world (that has been discovered).
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The tree topology
The lengths of the branches
The branching order of the tree
Nucleotide substitution rate
These would not affect maximum likelihood estimates of phylogenies when comparing different tree hypotheses.
<h3>What is tree topology?</h3>
- A unique kind of structure called a tree topology has numerous connected parts arranged like the branches of a tree.
<h3>The lengths of the branches:</h3>
- Branch lengths are a sign of genetic divergence; the longer the branch, the more genetic divergence has taken place.
- Usually, we calculate the average number of nucleotide or protein substitutions per site to assess the degree of genetic alteration.
<h3>The branching order of the tree:</h3>
- The topology of a tree refers to its branching structure.
- Species (or higher taxa), populations, genes, and proteins are examples of taxonomic units that the nodes represent.
- A branch is referred to as an edge, and it represents an estimate of the length of time between the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic units.
<h3>What is nucleotide substitution rate?</h3>
- The instantaneous rate of change from each of the four nucleotides to each of the other four nucleotides is summarized in the nucleotide substitution rate matrix.
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Interfacial adhesion and surface bioactivity of anodized titanium modified with SiON and SiONP surface coatings, The statement is correct.
<h3>what is adhesion ?</h3>
Adhesion is a type of attraction between two dissimilar phases, the theory of adhesion can be up two types mechanical interlocking and physical and chemical bonding and it is a combination of three methods.
Mechanical interlocking means when two dissimilar phases interact with one another by mechanical forces, requires a rough surface where the other material can enter.
Physical bonding includes van der Waals forces and the strength is rather weak and unable to contribute that much bonding strength.
Chemical bonding consist of covalent, ionic and metallic bonding which are more stronger than physical bonds and are responsible for cohesive forces.
chemical bonding between two dissimilar materials is more complicated due to the presence of few available bonding sites.
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