Answer: hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic
Explanation: The tonicity of a solution depends in part on its concentration of the solute that can not pass the membrane (non penetrating solute) relative to that inside the cell.
Hypotonic solution (hypo means less): contains less concentration of non penetrating solute relative to that inside the cell. Water will enter the cell and the cell will swell and late.
Isotonic solution (Iso means same): it contains thesame solute relative to that in the cell, there will be no net movement of water across the plasma membrane.
Hypertonic solution (hyper means more) Hypertonic solution contain more solute relative to that in the cell. Hence the cell will lose water to its environment and may shrink and die.
A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division, exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure to chemicals called mutagens, or infection by viruses. Germ line mutations occur in the eggs and sperm and can be passed on to offspring, while somatic mutations occur in body cells and are not passed on.
Recessive mutations inactivate the affected gene and lead to a loss of function. For instance, recessive mutations may remove part of or all the gene from the chromosome, disrupt expression of the gene, or alter the structure of the encoded protein, thereby altering its function.
Unlike ionic bonds, covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.
- - Final answer: <span>b. sharing of electrons between atoms.</span>
