The first metaphor compares defeating Hitler to moving into "sunlit uplands" while the second one compares losing to Hitler to a "new Dark Age."
<h3>The metaphors used by Churchill</h3>
The two metaphors we are analyzing here belong to Winston Churchill's speech "Their Finest Hour." Since this question contains different parts, let's answer each one separately.
First, let's analyze what each metaphor compares. The first metaphor compares defeating Hitler to moving "forward into broad, sunlit uplands." In other words, facing and defeating Hitler means that the world will live peacefully and happily. The image evoked by "sunlit uplands" is one of tranquility and safety.
On the other hand, losing to and being conquered by Hitler is compared to "the abyss of new Dark Age." This image evokes a sense of insecurity, fear, and death. What Churchill means is that the Nazi regime would be devastating is allowed to spread.
Now, let's analyze how the metaphors help fulfill Churchill's purpose of persuading the British people to persevere. By evoking such images, Churchill evokes in his audience the want and the urgency to fight against Hitler. He says, "Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties," implying that all Europeans, but especially the British, have the obligation to defeat Hitler.
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