The correct answer is: 4) Standing defenses are always present; induced defenses develop in response to a threat
Induced defense is defense that can be changed or invoked when needed. Induced defenses are slow to happen. When invoked, induced defense requires energy but otherwise doesn’t.
Standing defense is always there. It is use, for example when predation is a constant threat.
Plant cells have what is perhaps the most complex outer coverings. Plant cell walls are made largely of cellulose which forms strong, highly rigid, almost indigestible coverings that protect the cell and gives it shape.
Answer:
Receiving sensory information and carrying commands to the muscles.
Explanation:
The spinal cord serves as the transmission conduit for the passage of action potential as sensory information through the sensory/afferent neurons to the dorsal roots of the spinal cord.The information synapse with the inter neurons,branching off to the brain and emerged as the response through the motor/efferent neurons to the effectors(muscles).
This pathways is called reflex arc. Thus most of the involuntary action of the body is conducted through the spinal cord
Answer and Explanation:
Example of a food-web:
(1) Algae --> (2) Protozoas --> (3) Krill --> (4) Cephallopods --> (5) Medium sized dolphin --> (6) Large Dolphin
The trophic web is the process of energy transference through a series of organisms, in which every organism feeds on the preceding one and becomes food for the next one.
1) The first link is an autotroph organism or producer, such as a vegetable, that can synthesize organic matter from inorganic matter. In this example, the autotroph organisms are algae, that make use of sunlight and inorganic matter.
The next links are the consumers:
2) Herbivores are primary consumers and feed on producers. In this example, herbivore organisms are protozoan.
3) Krills are the secondary consumers and feed on protozoans.
4) Some species of cephalopods feed on krill, among other species.
5) Specialized Cetaceans such as the Risso´s dolphin, feed especially on cephalopods, as they lack upper teeth and they only have a few teeth in their jaws.
6) The killer whale is a big sized-dolphin and a very important predator. It feeds on many animals, and one of them is the Risso´s dolphin.
A absorbing nutrients from the soil
