Answer:
Only changes in temperature will influence the equilibrium constant . The system will shift in response to certain external shocks. At the new equilibrium will still be equal to , but the final concentrations will be different.
The question is asking for sources of the shocks that will influence the value of . For most reversible reactions:
- External changes in the relative concentration of the products and reactants.
For some reversible reactions that involve gases:
- Changes in pressure due to volume changes.
Catalysts do not influence the value of . See explanation.
Explanation:
.
Similar to the rate constant, the equilibrium constant depends only on:
- the standard Gibbs energy change of the reaction, and
- the absolute temperature (in degrees Kelvins.)
The reversible reaction is in a dynamic equilibrium when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction. Reactants are constantly converted to products; products are constantly converted back to reactants. However, at equilibrium the two processes balance each other. The concentration of each species will stay the same.
Factors that alter the rate of one reaction more than the other will disrupt the equilibrium. These factors shall change the rate of successful collisions and hence the reaction rate.
- Changes in concentration influence the number of particles per unit space.
- Changes in temperature influence both the rate of collision and the percentage of particles with sufficient energy of reaction.
For reactions that involve gases,
- Changing the volume of the container will change the concentration of gases and change the reaction rate.
However, there are cases where the number of gases particles on the reactant side and the product side are equal. Rates of the forward and backward reaction will change by the same extent. In such cases, there will not be a change in the final concentrations. Similarly, catalysts change the two rates by the same extent and will not change the final concentrations. Adding noble gases will also change the pressure. However, concentrations stay the same and the equilibrium position will not change.
<u>Answer:</u> The rate law for the reaction is
<u>Explanation:</u>
Rate law is the expression which is used to express the rate of the reaction in terms of the molar concentration of reactants where each term is raised to the power their stoichiometric coefficient respectively from a balanced chemical equation.
In a mechanism of the reaction, the slow step in the mechanism determines the rate of the reaction.
The chemical equation for the oxidation of bromide ions by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acid solution follows:
The intermediate reaction of the mechanism follows:
<u>Step 1:</u>
<u>Step 2:</u>
<u>Step 3:</u>
As, step 2 is the slow step. It is the rate determining step
Rate law for the reaction follows:
......(1)
As, is not appearing as a reactant in the overall reaction. So, we apply steady state approximation in it.
Applying steady state approximation for from step 1, we get:
Putting the value of in equation 1, we get:
Hence, the rate law for the reaction is
Answer:
A. The conditions are:
I. Reactant particles must collide with the right orientation.
II. There must be effective collisions.
III. The reactant particles must possess enough energy to break old bonds so that new bonds can be formed.
B. The activated complex occurs where the maximum energy of the reaction is attained along the reaction pathway, that is, at the peak of the activation energy.
Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms.
Explanation:
Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds.
Hope this helps ; )