Answer:
Adaptive immune responses are triggered by activation of antigen-specific T cells that produce antibodies against foreign antigens such as, for example, harmful viruses. These immune responses are useful to eliminate dangerous molecules from the body. In a normal immune reaction, the antibodies produced by T-cells target antigen molecules in order to be subsequently absorbed by phagocytic macrophage cells.
Autoimmune diseases are triggered by the response of the adaptive immune system against self-antigen molecules. Since the immune system can not eliminate antigens from the own body, this immune reaction generates an excessive inflammatory response, and it may lead to the damage of tissues and organs.
I believe the term is prophage.
Perception of pitch and sound intensity is the cocklear
The answer is
c. diffusion only
The synthesis of diphenylacetylene from mesostilbene dibromide includes next reactions:
• Bromination of stilbene-it is the reaction of electrophilic adition and bromonium ion is formed as intermedier (meso compound is the product).
• Bimolecular elimination-strong base is used in this reaction (takes away the H) and pi bond is formed.