Answer:
1.
2. a. No effect;
b. Products;
c. Products;
d. Reactants
Explanation:
1. Equilibrium constant might be written using standard guidelines:
- only aqueous species and gases are included in the equilibrium constant excluding solids and liquids;
- the constant involves two parts: in the numerator of a fraction we include the product of the concentrations of products;
- the denominator includes the product of the concentrations of reactants;
- the concentrations are raised to the power of the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation.
Based on the guidelines, we have two ions on the product side, a solid on the left side. Thus, the equilibrium constant has the following expression:
2. a. In the following problems, we'll be considering the common ion effect. According to the principle of Le Chatelier, an increase in concentration of any of the ions would shift the equilibrium towards the formation of our precipitate.
In this problem, we're adding calcium carbonate. It is insoluble, so it wouldn't have any effect on the equilibrium.
b. Sodium carbonate is completely soluble, it would release carbonate ions. The carbonate ions would combine with calcium cations and more precipitate would dissolve. This would shift the equilibrium towards formation of the products to reproduce the amount of calcium cations.
c. HCl would neutralize calcium hydroxide to produce calcium chloride and water, so the amount of calcium ions would increase, therefore, the products are favored.
d. NaOH contains hydroxide anions, so we'd have a common ion. An increase in hydroxide would produce more precipitate, so our reactants are favored.
An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat.
A patient receiving an X-ray in a hospital
Option A is correct. When a person says "<em>I think</em><em> that between an elephant and a monkey that jumped off the cliff, both of them will hit the ground at the same time."</em> the person is stating his Hypothesis
A hypothesis is an explanation proposed or given based on a piece of evidence that is limited.
It is useful at the beginning of an investigation because it serves as the building block for an impending fact or law.
From the statement, we can see that the person is not too sure of the information provided since he "thinks". <em>He said, </em><em>"I think</em><em> that between an elephant and a monkey that jumped off the cliff, both of them will hit the ground at the same time." </em>
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Hence we can conclude that the person is stating a hypothesis.
Law and theory are incorrect because they are already proven facts.
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Half-life is defined as the amount of time it takes a given quantity to decrease to half of its initial value. The equation to describe the decay is
Nt=N0(1/2)
where N0 is the initial quantity, Nt is the remaining quantity after time t, t1/2 is the half-time. So work out the equation, t1/2 = t (-ln2)/ln(Nt/N0) = 11.5*(-ln2)/ln(12.5/100) = 3.83 days