Answer:
Political and Legal
Explanation:
Hoffman-LaRoche Ltd. and BASF AG, two international pharmaceutical companies, were ordered to pay $725 million in fines for plotting to raise and fix prices of vitamins used in virtually every home in the U.S. This is an example of how <u>political and legal</u> forces affect the marketing environment.
Business organisations operate within a political system and legal framework. Political factors determine economic policies like taxation and regulations. Business decisions are subject to, and are affected by political and legal factors.
Governments formulate a series of legislations to monitor business activities and protect consumer and social interests.
Such laws would either create new opportunities or threats for the businesses in existence.
In the Scenario above Hoffman-LaRoche and BASF AG must have violated regulations that protect consumer interests put in place by the government by wanting consumers to pay too high for such necessities as vitamins and huge fines have been imposed on them.
Answer:
Nike as a brand is making the use of Marketing mix to communicate a objective of high quality sport brand.
Explanation:
- The aim of the marketing mix s the right combination of product, place, promotion, and price, etc. It is done so that the company can have an advantage over the competitors. It's a set of controllable and tactile marketing tools.
Answer:
B. order priority provisions
Explanation:
When investors want to purchase municipal bonds in the primary markets, it is important for the issuer to prioritise orders from investors in a bond offering.
The underwriter must follow the issuer's priority of orders in allocating purchase orders for municipal bonds.
So in a competitive municipal syndicate when a customer asks for order priority provisions, it must be provided by the dealer.
This shows transparency of the process to the investor as he now knows when each order will be filled.
Answer:
Price Risk, Reinvestment Risk, Investment Horizon and Longer maturity Bond.
Explanation:
- Price risk is the risk of a decline in a bond's value due to an increase in interest rates. This risk is higher on bonds that have long maturities than on bonds that will mature in the near future.
- Reinvestment risk is the risk that a decline in interest rates will lead to a decline in income from a bond portfolio. This risk is obviously high on callable bonds. It is also high on short-term bonds because the shorter the bond's maturity, the fewer the years before the relatively high old-coupon bonds will be replaced with new low-coupon issues.
- Which type of risk is more relevant to an investor depends on the investor's investment horizon, which is the period of time an investor plans to hold a particular investment.
- Longer maturity bonds have high price risk but low reinvestment risk, while higher coupon bonds have a higher level of reinvestment risk and a lower level of price risk.
