A covalent chemical bond is one in which outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill their respective orbitals.
<h2>Further Explanation;</h2><h3>Chemical bond </h3>
A bond is a type of force that is formed between atoms of different through the sharing or transfer of electrons.
<h3>Types of chemical bonds.</h3><h3>Covalent bond </h3>
- This is a type of bond that is formed between non-metal atoms. It is formed as a result of sharing electrons between non-metal atoms.
- Outermost electrons are shared between the atoms involved in bonding so as each atom attains a stable configuration.
- When atoms involved contribute an equal number of electrons to the bond formation, the type of bond is known as a covalent bond
- A covalent bond may be a dative covalent bond when the shared electrons come from one atom.
<h3>Ionic bond </h3>
- This is a type of bond that occurs between metal ions and non-metal ions. Ionic bond occurs as a result of the transfer of electrons from one metal atom to another non-metal atom.
- After the transfer of electrons, metal atom loses an electron to form a cation while the non-metal atom gains electrons to form an anion.
<h3>Polar covalent bonds </h3>
- Polar covalent bonds involve uneven sharing of electrons between a non-metal atom and another non-metal atom.
- Electrons spend more time around one of the atoms involved in bonding than the other atom.
- The uneven distribution of electrons or differences in electronegativity between atoms bonded to each other is referred to as a polar bond.
- Examples of polar covalent molecules, S-F, O-F, etc.
<h3>Non-polar covalent bonds </h3>
- It is a type of covalent bodn in which two atoms share a pair of electrons equally with each other.
- The electronegativity of the two atoms involved in non-polar covalent are equal.
- Non-polar covalent bonds involves non-metal non-metal atoms.
- Examples of non-polar covalent molecules includes; F-F, H-H, etc.
Keywords: Polar covalent, non-polar covalent, ionic bonds, covalent bonds.
<h3>Learn more about:</h3>
Level: High school
Subject: Chemistry
Topic: structure and bonding
Sub-topic: Covalent bond