Primary reinforcers have distinctive reinforcing qualities; not learned. In addition, secondary reinforcers has no inherent value and only has reinforcing qualities when linked with a primary reinforcers. The positive reinforcement is a desirable stimulus is added to increase behavior while negative reinforcement is an undesirable stimulus is removed to increase behavior.
A. The data did not support the hypothesis because more people preferred tap water.
Irregular stream flow which causes swirling of water in a specific area and localized erosion causes a deeper section known as a deneduation.
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What is deneduation?</h3>
The processes of erosion, leaching, stripping, and diminishing the mainland as a result of material removal from higher to lower locations such valleys, river valleys, lakes, and oceans with a permanent filling of low lands are together referred to as denudation.
The elevation and relief of landforms and landscapes on Earth's surface by flowing water, ice, wind, and waves.
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The abiotic and biotic factors of an ecosystem both interact with each other on many levels. For example, temperature, which is an abiotic factor in most ecosystems, will determine what type of flora and fauna can live there.