Answer: It is approximately the membrane potential at which the electrochemical gradient for Na+ is zero.
Explanation:
The charge in plasma membrane occurs with diffusion and electric fields.
For example, if there are two solutions, let's assume solution X and Solution Y are separated by a porous barrier (to diffuse in equal proportions).
The fundamental principle of diffusion states that solution from a high concentration diffuses to a lower concentration.
For instance, if the X solution contains 40 sodium ions and 40 chloride ions, the Y solution only has 30 sodium and 30 chloride ions. Due to the diffusion, these two solutions will mix and reach a steady-state.
The like charges repel, and opposite charges attract.
When focusing on a slide, ALWAYS start with either the 4X or 10X objective. Once you have the object in focus, then switch to the next higher power objective.
Differences in the density of water can also cause currents to form and move. Density is affected by temperature and salinity. Cold water or water with dissolved salts (higher salinity) is denser than warm water or water without dissolved salts (low or no salinity).
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Divergent boundary.
This is the boundary between two tectonic plates move away from each other in opposite directions.
Explanation:
One major example of a divergent boundary is the mid-Atlantic ridge that cuts, longitudinally, across the middle of the Atlantic ocean.
When two tectonic plates move away from each other in opposite directions, the void they leave in between is filled by rising magma from the mantle and cooling to create new crust. A mountainous ridge along a boundary is evidence of a divergent boundary. The Atlantic ocean will therefore continue to widen as the North American and Eurasian Plates move away from each other. As new crust is formed at divergent boundary, old crust is being consumed at convergent boundary on another end of earth. This way tectonic plates of earth renew themselves.
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