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2 years ago

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Perpendicular lines have negative reciprocal slopes (in which the product of those two slopes = -1). The negative reciprocal of 1/3 is -3.

Therefore, the following choices are perpendicular to y — 1 = 1/3(x + 2):

You’ll have to transform option 1 into its slope-intercept form to see whether its slope is a negative reciprocal to 1/3:

OPTION 1:

y + 2 = -3(x - 4)
Distribute -3 into the parenthesis, and subtract 2 from both sides:
y + 2 - 2 = -3x + 12 - 2
y = -3x + 10

OPTION 5:
You’ll also have to transform option 5 into its slope-intercept form:

3x + y = 7
Subtract 3x from both sides to isolate y:
3x - 3x + y = - 3x + 7
y = -3x + 7

OPTION 3:
Option 3 also has a negative reciprocal slope of -3:

y = -3x - 5/3

Therefore, the following options are the correct answers:

Option 1: y + 2 = -3(x —4)
Option 3: y = -3x - Five-thirds or y = -3x - 5/3
Option 5: 3x + y = 7

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4 0

2 years ago

Calculus 3 help please.

Reptile [31]

I assume each path $C$ is oriented positively/counterclockwise.

(a) Parameterize $C$ by

$\begin{cases} x(t) = 4\cos(t) \\ y(t) = 4\sin(t)\end{cases} \implies \begin{cases} x'(t) = -4\sin(t) \\ y'(t) = 4\cos(t) \end{cases}$

with $-\frac\pi2\le t\le\frac\pi2$ . Then the line element is

$ds = \sqrt{x'(t)^2 + y'(t)^2} \, dt = \sqrt{16(\sin^2(t)+\cos^2(t))} \, dt = 4\,dt$

and the integral reduces to

$\displaystyle \int_C xy^4 \, ds = \int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2} (4\cos(t)) (4\sin(t))^4 (4\,dt) = 4^6 \int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2} \cos(t) \sin^4(t) \, dt$

The integrand is symmetric about $t=0$ , so

$\displaystyle 4^6 \int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2} \cos(t) \sin^4(t) \, dt = 2^{13} \int_0^{\pi/2} \cos(t) \sin^4(t) \,dt$

Substitute $u=\sin(t)$ and $du=\cos(t)\,dt$ . Then we get

$\displaystyle 2^{13} \int_0^{\pi/2} \cos(t) \sin^4(t) \, dt = 2^{13} \int_0^1 u^4 \, du = \frac{2^{13}}5 (1^5 - 0^5) = \boxed{\frac{8192}5}$

(b) Parameterize $C$ by

$\begin{cases} x(t) = 2(1-t) + 5t = 3t - 2 \\ y(t) = 0(1-t) + 4t = 4t \end{cases} \implies \begin{cases} x'(t) = 3 \\ y'(t) = 4 \end{cases}$

with $0\le t\le1$ . Then

$ds = \sqrt{3^2+4^2} \, dt = 5\,dt$

and

$\displaystyle \int_C x e^y \, ds = \int_0^1 (3t-2) e^{4t} (5\,dt) = 5 \int_0^1 (3t - 2) e^{4t} \, dt$

Integrate by parts with

$u = 3t-2 \implies du = 3\,dt \\\\ dv = e^{4t} \, dt \implies v = \frac14 e^{4t}$

$\displaystyle \int u\,dv = uv - \int v\,du$

$\implies \displaystyle 5 \int_0^1 (3t-2) e^{4t} \,dt = \frac54 (3t-2) e^{4t} \bigg|_{t=0}^{t=1} - \frac{15}4 \int_0^1 e^{4t} \,dt \\\\ ~~~~~~~~ = \frac54 (e^4 + 2) - \frac{15}{16} e^{4t} \bigg|_{t=0}^{t=1} \\\\ ~~~~~~~~ = \frac54 (e^4 + 2) - \frac{15}{16} (e^4 - 1) = \boxed{\frac{5e^4 + 55}{16}}$

$\begin{cases} x(t) = 3(1-t)+t = -2t+3 \\ y(t) = (1-t)+2t = t+1 \\ z(t) = 2(1-t)+5t = 3t+2 \end{cases} \implies \begin{cases} x'(t) = -2 \\ y'(t) = 1 \\ z'(t) = 3 \end{cases}$

with $0\le t\le1$ . Then

$ds = \sqrt{(-2)^2 + 1^2 + 3^2} \, dt = \sqrt{14} \, dt$

and

$\displaystyle \int_C y^2 z \, ds = \int_0^1 (t+1)^2 (3t+2) \left(\sqrt{14}\,ds\right) \\\\ ~~~~~~~~ = \sqrt{14} \int_0^1 \left(3t^3 + 8t^2 + 7t + 2\right) \, dt \\\\ ~~~~~~~~ = \sqrt{14} \left(\frac34 t^4 + \frac83 t^3 + \frac72 t^2 + 2t\right) \bigg|_{t=0}^{t=1} \\\\ ~~~~~~~~ = \sqrt{14} \left(\frac34 + \frac83 + \frac72 + 2\right) = \boxed{\frac{107\sqrt{14}}{12}}$