Answer:
1) The act or process of withdrawing, especially from something hazardous, formidable, or unpleasant.
Explanation:
We can see by how it's used in the passage that it's used as a verb, not as a noun, so we can eliminate 2. There's no military forces here, and this dog isn't retiring, so I'd say your best bet is 1, since the dog is withdrawing/retreating from the whip.
Rhode Island, the rest are opinions and the Congress one is just discussing but I would say Rhode Island because they actually passed a law
My thoughts on the economic, political, and racial environment in the mid-1930s American South helped by how to kill a Mockingbird are........
It belongs in the stimulant category
