Answer:
1. He arrived late because he had an appointment elsewhere.
2. After much discussion, he approved the project.
Explanation:
A dependent clause is a clause that cannot stand on its own and make sense which is why it requires an independent clause to give it meaning.
Contrast: Insects may have entered a cool home and earthworms would have escaped to under the cool soil.
Compare: They both may have gone to a chilly area from their instincts.
