Cytomembrane System
<span>Membranes physically connected or connected by transfer of vesicles. </span>
<span>Membranes exhibit various thicknesses, composition and behavior, both in space and time! </span>
<span>Organelles included: </span>
<span>endoplasmic reticulum (ER).</span>
<span>nucleus. </span>
<span>Golgi apparatus. </span>
<span>lysosomes, vacuoles and microbodies.</span>
Griffith's experiment worked with two types of pneumococcal bacteria (a rough type and a smooth type) and identified that a "transforming principle" could transform them from one type to another.
At first, bacteriologists suspected the transforming factor was a protein. The "transforming principle" could be precipitated with alcohol, which showed that it was not a carbohydrate. But Avery and McCarty observed that proteases (enzymes that degrade proteins) did not destroy the transforming principle. Neither did lipases (enzymes that digest lipids). Later they found that the transforming substance was made of nucleic acids but ribonuclease (which digests RNA) did not inactivate the substance. By this method, they were able to obtain small amounts of highly purified transforming principle, which they could then analyze through other tests to determine its identity, which corresponded to DNA.
Water is a limited natural resource, vital for the expansion and development of, not only our specie, but each individual living organism in the planet. Hence, in a community proper water management is a must in order to make sure that water be maintained and cared for -used wisely. In one research, it is estimated that by 2025 more places will feel water scarcity than decades ago.
