Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
Atomic size increases down the group due to the addition of more shells.
As more shells are added and repulsion of inner electrons become more significant, atomic size increases down the group. However, across the period, atomic size decreases due to increase in effective nuclear charge without any increase in the number of shells. This causes increased attraction between the nucleus and the outermost shell thereby decreasing the size of the atom.
Ionization energy decreases down the group because the outermost electron is more shielded by inner electrons making it easier for this outermost electron to be lost. Across the period, ionization energy increases due to increase in effective nuclear charge which makes it more difficult to remove the outermost electron due to increased nuclear attraction.
The answears are in the attached photo.
Answer:
The standard enthalpy of formation of this isomer of octane is -220.1 kJ/mol
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
The combustion reaction of octane produces 5104.1 kJ per mol octane
Step 2: The balanced equation
C8H18(g) + 12.5 O2 ⟶ 8CO2 (g) + 9 H2O (g) ∆H°rxn = -5104.1 kJ/mol
Step 3:
∆H°rxn = ∆H°f of products minus the ∆H° of reactants
∆H°rxn = ∆H°f products - [∆H°f reactants]
-5104.1 kJ/mol = (8*∆H°fCO2 + 9*∆H°fH20) - (∆H°fC8H18 + 12.5∆H°fO2)
∆H°f C8H18 = ∆H°f 8CO2 + ∆H°f 9H2O+ 5104.1 kJ/mol
∆H°f C8H18 = 8 * (-393.5 kJ)/mol + 9 * (-241.8 kJ/mol)] + 5104.1 kJ
/mol
∆H°f C8H18 = -220.1 kJ/mol
The standard enthalpy of formation of this isomer of octane is -220.1 kJ/mol
Answer:
The entropy change for a real, irreversible process is equal to <u>zero.</u>
The correct option is<u> 'c'.</u>
Explanation:
<u>Lets look around all the given options -:</u>
(a) the entropy change for a theoretical reversible process with the same initial and final states , since the entropy change is equal and opposite in reversible process , thus this option in not correct.
(b) equal to the entropy change for the same process performed reversibly ONLY if the process can be reversed at all. Since , the change is same as well as opposite too . Therefore , this statement is also not true .
(c) zero. This option is true because We generate more entropy in an irreversible process. Because no heat moves into or out of the surroundings during the procedure, the entropy change of the surroundings is zero.
(d) impossible to tell. This option is invalid , thus incorrect .
<u>Hence , the correct option is 'c' that is zero.</u>
