Answer:
a. 3; b. 5; c. 10; d. 12
Explanation:
pH is defined as the negative log of the hydronium concentration:
pH = -log[H₃O⁺] (hydronium concentration)
For problems a. and b., HCl and HNO₃ are strong acids. This means that all of the HCl and HNO₃ would ionize, producing hydronium (H₃O⁺) and the conjugate bases Cl⁻ and NO₃⁻ respectively. Further, since all of the strong acid ionizes, 1 x 10⁻³ M H₃O⁺ would be produced for a., and 1.0 x 10⁻⁵ M H₃O⁺ for b. Plugging in your calculator -log[1 x 10⁻³] and -log[1.0 x 10⁻⁵] would equal 3 and 5, respectively.
For problems c. and d. we are given a strong base rather than acid. In this case, we can calculate the pOH:
pOH = -log[OH⁻] (hydroxide concentration)
Strong bases similarly ionize to completion, producing [OH⁻] in the process; 1 x 10⁻⁴ M OH⁻ will be produced for c., and 1.0 x 10⁻² M OH⁻ produced for d. Taking the negative log of the hydroxide concentrations would yield a pOH of 4 for c. and a pOH of 2 for d.
Finally, to find the pH of c. and d., we can take the pOH and subtract it from 14, giving us 10 for c. and 12 for d.
(Subtracting from 14 is assuming we are at 25°C; 14, the sum of pH and pOH, changes at different temperatures.)
ion, proton
Explanation:
Ions and protons have profound relationships.
An ion is an atom that has lost or gained electrons.
A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle.
What is the relationship between an ion and a proton?
- In an atom, there are three fundamental particles.
- Protons are the positively charged particles located in the nucleus of atoms.
- Electrons are the negatively charged particles orbiting round an atom.
- Neutrons have no charges and they occupy the nucleus with protons.
Atoms are electrically neutral and this implies that they have equal number of protons and electrons.
In an ion, the number of protons and electrons differ.
For positive charged ions, the number of protons is more suggesting they have lost electrons.
For negatively charged ions. the number of protons is less suggesting they must have added electrons.
Compound are combinations of different atoms.
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Answer:
From the graph find the maximum velocity and half it i.e. Vmax/2. Draw a horizontal line from this point till you find the point on the graph that corresponds to it and read off the substrate concentration at that point. This will give the value of Km.
Answer:
The pressure of CO2 = 0.48 atm
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Kp = 0.23
Step 2: The balanced equation
2NaHCO3(s) ↔ Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)
Step 3: Calculate the pressure of CO2
Kp = (p(CO2))*(p(H2O))
For 1 mol CO2 we have 1 mol H2O
x = p(CO2) = p(H2O)
Kp = 0.23 = x*x
x = √0.23
x = 0.48
pCO2 = x atm = 0.48 atm
The pressure of CO2 = 0.48 atm