In fetal life, the lungs are not expanded, so most of the blood from the right ventricle is shunted from the pulmonary artery to the aorta through the patent ductus arteriosus. With a few breaths the lungs expand, and blood flows from right ventricle to pulmonary artery into the lungs. Withdrawal of circulating prostaglandin from the mother plus bradykinins released from the expanding lung of the infant cause the ductus to close over a few minutes to hours. The closed ductus remains as the ligamentum arteriosum.
As we can see in the pedigree, both of the parents do not possess the trait, but one of the four offspring (marked with red) is expressing the trait.
Since the trait is recessive, the only way that is possible that the parents who do not possess the trait to have the offspring with the trait is that the parents are heterozygous for the trait. Meaning that both of the parents have one dominant allele and one recessive allele.
Answer:
i believe the answer is C: hospitalizations
The acidic environment of the lysosome and the lysosomal enzymes detach the ligands from their receptors.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a process in which cell surface receptors are employed for transporting substances such as proteins, hormones, and metabolites from extra-cellular matrix into the cells. Receptor-mediated endocytosis usually occurs through clathrin (a type of protein)-coated pits and vesicle and it allow only the receptor-specific substances to enter the cell. Under this process, molecule binds to protein receptors after which the receptor molecule moves to clathrin coated pits and vesicle. The cell membrane then folds inwards and there is fusion of a coated vesicle. After this, the ligands are detached from their receptors.
