<h2>b) option is correct </h2>
Explanation:
- Some bacterial toxins cause disease by altering the activity of G protein, cholera toxin is one of them
- Cholera toxin catalyse ADP ribosylation of Gs and blocks GTPase activity thus Gs GTP become permanently active
- Constitutive activation of Gs protein continuously induce adenylyl cyclase, cytosolic cAMP level rises that leads to activation of protein kinase A (pKA)
- Activated pKA catalyse phosphorylation of two transmembrane proteins of intestinal epithelial cells:
- CFTR cause excessive outflow of Cl- ion and Na+ H+ exchange cause efflux of Na+ ion, both enters in gut and form Na+ Cl-
- Na+Cl- leads to outflow of water from the gut, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration and this condition may cause death of organisms due to loss of water and ions
Biological molecules or biomolecules are the carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids that are produced by the living organism. A very significant relationship lies between their structure and function as they are inter relatable.
Biomolecules are designed in such a way that on forming a particular structure only their specific functions can be formed. It is to ensure that no molecules other than the desired ones bring a change. If the latter situation arises, it may refer to harm or lethality.
For instance, insulin binds to its receptor and decreases the blood glucose level. Change in its structure will lead in inability to bind to the receptor specifically designed to accomodate it. And if function is not dependent on structure, then any molecule may bind to the receptor and decrease the blood sugar level to the point that body may not be able to function.
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Al of these will be the consequences except C, increase in polar ice. The rise in temperature is already causing the polar ice to melt down. The further increase in temperature will make the situation of the polar ice worse. the rise in vegetation in Tundra and Tyga regions could be seen because they are very cold areas and temperature increase may help vegetations to survive.
Answer:
there are three of them, convergent, divergent, and transform
Explanation:
Convergent: where two plates are moving towards each other
Divergent:Where two plates are moving AWAY from each other
Transform:Where two plates SLIDE past each other