Answer:
<u>3) Uncontrolled cell division occurred as a result of gene mutations</u>
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Explanation:
Spontaneous modifications within the genome may occur during the process of cell division. When copies of the DNA inside the cell are made, these mutations cause errors; and can include small single nucleotide polymorphisms, and large scale additions or deletions across multiple genes.
Some, like somatic mutations, exist only inside vegetative (body) cells, that cannot be passed onto offspring. This is caused by several factors like
- UV radiation,
- chemical mutagens,
- infective agents
UV radiation damages strands of DNA, by causing dimers to form; here, consecutive nucleotide bases covalently bond instead of those on the complementary strand. This conformational change causes errors in DNA proofreading and repair mechanisms where bases are not well-incorporated into the strand- tumors (clumps of uncontrolled cell growth) may form, resulting in melanoma, a type of skin cancer.
Polymers are made of individual subunit called monomer.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Polymers are lengthy chains built up of replicating molecular subunits, named monomers. The term polymer becomes from poly- (many) and -mer (part). A polymer may be a real or manufactured macromolecule composed of recurring units of a smaller molecule (monomers). The term monomer comes from mono- (one) and -mer (part).
Monomers make polymers by creating chemical bonds or confining supramolecular by a method called polymerization. Examples of polymers comprise plastics like polyethylene, silicones. Polymerization is the method of covalently bonding the smaller monomers into the polymer. While polymerization, chemical groups are failed from the monomers so that they may join together.
DNA Decoding (Protein Synthesis) Practice Sheet
1. DNA: mRNA:
AA: Symbol:
2. DNA: mRNA:
AA: Symbol:
3. DNA: mRNA:
AA: Symbol:
4. DNA: mRNA:
AA: Symbol:
C T T C C A C C T GAA GGU GGA Glu Gly Gly
EGG
G T G C T T T T A CAC GAA AAU His Glu Asn
HEN
G GT C GT A C C CCA GCA UGG Pro Ala Trp
PAW
TCGTTCTAA AGC AAG AUU Ser Lys Iso SKI
Try a longer sentence
5. Following the same procedure, decode the message your teacher gives you below. (Note: the stop codons are used as spaces)
Evolution, and the survival of the fittest the weak ones die off and the strong ones live and continue to reproduce
