Even though their dad told them not to, Kerry and Elise jump on the couch when no one is watching and their dad told them. . .
Nonrestrictive because the sentence you "My brother who lives in Hawaii is a surfer" is not restrictive but the answer to your question is = Nonrestrictive.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Unfortunately, you did not include the reference of the speech, the name of it or the author. However, we can comment on the following general terms.
"The real benefit of education is to choose how to think about the everyday world"
This affirmation is true in that what education really gives you is the ability to think. Yes, to use critical thinking to understand, interpret, and then, learn how the world functions in terms of politics, economics, sociology, religion, and so on. The more you learn, the more information you will have to apply or use n a daily basis in the different fields of your profession and life. Then you will have the knowledge and the capacity to make better decisions and help other people.