Cancer cells are cells that basically bypass any sort of regulatory processes in the cell cycle (and mitosis - the splitting of the cell). This leads to uncontrollable cell growth/duplication which hence leads to more and more cancerous cells. Cancer itself is so hard to cure for a couple of different reasons. If the cells are in the form of a benign tumor, that is a tumor that does not spread from its original infected tissue, it should be "easy" to remove with surgery. However, if it metastasizes, or spreads into surrounding tissues through the lymph or blood systems, then it becomes even harder to remove because of its far reach and complex structure. Also, cancer cells can be simply described as normal body cells that have gone rogue. That being said, things such as antibiotics, that are designed to get rid of foreign bodies, cannot get rid of cancerous cells without getting rid of most of your regular body cells as well simply because they cannot tell the difference.
Hope this helps :)
Ionic bond is a compound made up of a meta and a non-metal eg NaCl (sodium chloride)
covalent bond is made up of two non-metals eg H2O (water)
Answer:
1 . The stage on the first meiotic division when the homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles but the sister chromatids remain together
: b. Anaphase I
2 . The stage in the second meiotic division where sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles
: c. Anaphase II
3 . A structure on the chromosome that holds a pair of chromatids together during replication
: f. centromere
4 . A double-stranded chromosome following replication attached by a centromere
: d. chromatid
5 . A condition where non-sister chromatid of homologous chromosomes exchange genes
: e. crossing over
6 . The stage in the first meiotic division where the homologous chromosomes line up as a pair
: a. Metaphase I
7 . The stage in the second meiotic division where the chromatid pair lines up at the equator of the cell: g. Metaphase II
Explanation:
DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the interphase of the cell cycle. The replicated DNA molecules are accommodated in two sister chromatids of a chromosome that are held together by a centromere.
During prophase I, the chromatids of a homologous chromosome pair exchange a genetic segment. This process is called crossing over. It generates recombinant chromatids with new combinations of genes.
Metaphase I of meiosis I includes the alignment of homologous pairs of chromosomes at the cell's equator. This is followed by separation and movement of homologous chromosomes to the opposite poles of the cell during anaphase I.
Metaphase II of meiosis II includes the alignment of individual chromosomes, each with two sister chromatids, on the cell's equator. During anaphase II, splitting centromere separates the sister chromatids which then move to the opposite poles of the cell.