Answer: The concentration of ions in vinegar is 0.001 M.
Explanation:
Given: pH = 3.0
pH is the negative logarithm of concentration of hydrogen ion.
The expression for pH is as follows.
Substitute the value into above expression as follows.
Thus, we can conclude that the concentration of ions in vinegar is 0.001 M.
Answer: 4.21×10⁻⁸
Explanation:
1) Assume a general equation for the ionization of the weak acid:
Let HA be the weak acid, then the ionization equation is:
HA ⇄ H⁺ + A⁻
2) Then, the expression for the ionization constant is:
Ka = [H⁺][A⁻] / [HA]
There, [H⁺] = [A⁻], and [HA] = 0.150 M (data given)
3) So, you need to determine [H⁺] which you do from the pH.
By definition, pH = - log [H⁺]
And from the data given pH = 4.1
⇒ 4.10 = - log [H⁺] ⇒ [H⁺] = antilog (- 4.10) = 7.94×10⁻⁵
4) Now you have all the values to calculate the expression for Ka:
ka = 7.94×10⁻⁵ × 7.94×10⁻⁵ / 0.150 = 4.21×10⁻⁸
Answer : The mass defect required to release energy is 6111.111 kg
Explanation :
To calculate the mass defect for given energy released, we use Einstein's equation:
E = Energy released =
= mass change = ?
c = speed of light =
Now put all the given values in above equation, we get:
Therefore, the mass defect required to release energy is 6111.111 kg