Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the (c) liver.
Intracranial bleeding is the bleeding that occurs inside the skull. This leads to accumulation of blood that exerts pressure on the brain, ultimately leading to brain damage. The causes for bleeding can be various like: trauma, rupture of blood vessel, high blood pressure, or tumors.
Hypoglycemia is the condition of low levels of sugar in the blood. The most common reason for this condition is the medications taken to control diabetes. However, it can also happen due to other reasons. The general symptoms of the conditions are: palpitations, anxiety, confusion, etc.
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Hello,
Please find below a short summary on the subject you have been assigned. This will help you in completing your project and also give you an overview on the current research on this subject.
Food additives are chemical substances added to food in order to either maintain or improve its physical characteristics such as taste, texture, appearance and even freshness.
The long term effects that these substances have on the human body are still largely unstudied. According to the hypothesis called "chemical obesogen", these synthetic compounds are contributing factors to the global obesity epidemic.
Although evidence-based scientific research is still lacking, the support for this hypothesis is growing as many of these additives have been found to disturb the body's endocrine functions.
Furthermore, artificial preservatives used today may increase the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. This has been shown by a study on mice in which the food additives known as emulsifiers (carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80) have been shown to affect the animal's health.
Due to these chemicals, the mice not only became obese but also developed metabolic problems such as glucose intolerance. It seems that these chemicals affect the gut bacteria population in a negative way, as mice lacking gut bacteria did not become ill.
The mice study was followed by another study in which the human simulated through a series of flasks. Under the influence of the emulsifiers arboxymethylcellulose (E566 on EU labels) and polysorbate-80 (E433), the levels of bacterial protein called flagellin increased. This protein is known to cause inflammation at high concentrations. The next step in the study will be the first human trials.
Due to the long road our food takes from the farm to our table more extensive research is required. There are thousands of compounds that change the biochemical properties of the plants and animals that constitute our diet. The effects of the degradation and accumulation of these compounds are still unknown and thus many more studies and approaches are required in order to insure healthy food and stop the current obesity epidemic. Everything that is added to our food should be carefully analyzed.
The maximum to minimum body water loss occurs by: Urine production, Skin losses, Lung respiration and minimum by Feces
<h3>What are the ways in which body loses water ?</h3>
Through breathing, sweating, and peeing, the body continuously loses water. You become dehydrated if you don't drink enough water or other liquids.
The majority of fluid loss happens through the stools, sweat, and urine, but it's not only those things. The quantity of body fluid lost daily through the skin, respiratory system, and water in the feces that cannot be readily measured is known as insensible fluid loss.
Physical exercise also influences increased respiratory water loss due to the increased expiratory volume and frequency of breathing. Various environmental elements like temperature, humidity, radiation, and atmospheric pressure mostly affect sweating and urine water loss.
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The evolution of similar forms in different lineages when exposed to the same selective pressures is<u> convergent evolution. </u>
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Convergent or divergent evolution are related to the involved groups, the environments, the selective pressures, and the way in which organisms deal with them to achieve a better adaptation increasing their fitness.
<h3>
What is convergent evolution?</h3>
Convergent evolution is the emergence of phenotypical similarities in different groups independently from each other.
Convergent evolution occurs when two or more taxonomic groups share the same traits or characteristics even when they do not share a common ancestor.
Usually, this is a pattern observed in groups that are exposed to the same or similar environmental pressures. The development of these similar phenotypes is related to higher fitness and competitive ability.
The evolution of similar forms in different lineages when exposed to the same selective pressures is <u>convergent evolution. </u>
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