Answer is Biogeochemical cycles.
In an ecosystem biotic (living) abiotic (non-living) components constantly interact each other. During these interactions, there is a transfer of nutrients between living organisms and the non-living environment. Thus, there is recycling of inorganic matter between living organisms and their non-living environment. This cycling of matter is called biogeochemical cycles.
Option (III) .Cephalization, the clustering of neurons and interneurons in the anterior part of the animal, is apparent in <u>Planaria.</u>
What is planaria?
- Planaria is a genus of planarians in the family Planariidae.
- When an individual is cut into pieces, each piece has the ability to regenerate into a fully formed individual.
- Currently the genus Planaria is defined as freshwater triclads with oviducts that unite to form a common oviduct without embracing the bursa copulatrix and with an adenodactyl present in the male atrium.
- The testes occur along the whole body.
- Planaria originally have habitats in dark, murky water which results in such sensitivity .
- They are also sensitive to other stimuli such as chemical gradients, vibration, magnetic and electric fields .
- Their central nervous system includes the anterior (head, brain and eyes) and middle (abdominal trunk and pharynx).
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Anaerobic respiration<span> is in muscles. Glucose is not completely broken down, so much less energy is released than during </span>aerobic respiration<span>. There is a build-up of lactic acid in the muscles during vigorous exercise. The lactic acid needs to be oxidised to carbon dioxide and water later.</span>