The pre-tax cost of debt is yield to maturity of the debt.
The yield to maturity of debt is calculated as -
Yield to maturity = ]Coupon payment + ( Face value - Current price) / Number of years)] / [ ( Face value + Current price) / 2]
Here,
Coupon payment = $ 29.50 (semi-annual, thus 5.9% / 2 * 1000)
Face value = $ 1,000
Price = $ 1,000 * 108% = $ 1,080
Number of years = 12 ( semi-annual, thus 6 years * 2)
Pre-tax cost of debt = [ 29.50 + (1,000 - 1080/12)] / [ (1000+1080)/2 ]
Pre-tax cost of debt = 2.196 %
Annual pre-tax cost of debt = = 2.20 % * 2 = 4.40%
After tax cost of debt = ( 1 - tax rate ) * Annual pre-tax cost of debt
After tax cost of debt = ( 1 - 35%) * 4.40 %
After tax cost of debt = 2.86 %
<span>Brand awareness facilitates decision-making and is especially important for which type of consumer goods: public goods.
Public goods are non-excludable items so there is fair game for anyone and everyone in the market for an item to make this purchase. Because this items are everywhere, there is normally a decent amount of competing brands with the same product though packaging, quality and quantity can differentiate. Brand awareness helps the consumer know which brand to purchase when there are dozens to choose from. </span>
Nielsen PRIZM uses Market Segmentation.
Explanation:
Market division is the way toward isolating a market of potential clients into gatherings, or sections, in view of various qualities. The fragments made are made out of buyers who will react also to showcasing procedures and who share qualities, for example, comparable interests, needs, or areas.
Market division makes it simpler for advertisers to customize their promoting efforts.
By organizing their organization's objective market into divided gatherings, as opposed to focusing on every potential client exclusively, advertisers can be increasingly effective with their time, cash, and different assets than if they were focusing on buyers on an individual level.
Gathering comparable shoppers enables advertisers to target explicit spectators in a financially savvy way.
Market division additionally lessens the danger of a fruitless or ineffectual showcasing effort.
At the point when advertisers separate a market dependent on key attributes and customize their procedures dependent on that data, there is an a lot higher possibility of progress than if they somehow managed to make a conventional battle and attempt to actualize it over all sections.
