Sir Isaac Newton, held the theory that light was made up of tiny particles<span>. In 1678, Dutch physicist, Christiaan Huygens, believed that light was made up of </span>waves<span>vibrating up and down </span>perpendicular<span> to the direction of the light travels, and therefore formulated a way of visualising wave propagation.</span>
The electrostatic force between two charges is given by Coulomb's law:
where
ke is the Coulomb's constant
q1 is the first charge
q2 is the second charge
r is the separation between the two charges
By substituting the data of the problem into the equation, we can find the magnitude of the force between the two charges:
The strength of the electric and magnetic fields there is no physical "distance" of oscillation here. nothing is actually moving up and down if you draw light as a sinusoidal wave, the up and down motion is the strength of the EM fields cheers
Unlike acceleration and velocity, speed does not need to specify the direction of motion. Speed is a scalar quality.
Scientists could investigate this idea by making cathode ray tubes out of different materials to see if the ray was the same.