Courtney’s in minerals can vary due to impurities but is usually diagnostic we determine the relative hardness of minerals using a scale diversity bye mineralogists Freidrich Mohs The scale assigned hardness Tuten common index minerals and is based up on the ability of one mineral to scratch another
Answer:
The charge of the purple circles should be positive because they represent the nuclei.
Explanation:
Answer:
Sodium (Na)
Explanation:
The element on the periodic table at Column (group) 1, period 3 is Sodium (Na)
Answer: (Structure attached).
Explanation:
This type of reaction is an aromatic electrophilic substitution. The overall reaction is the replacement of a proton (H +) with an electrophile (E +) in the aromatic ring.
The aromatic ring in p-fluoroanisole has two sustituents, an <u>halogen</u> and a <u>methoxy group</u>, which are <em>ortho-para</em> directing substituents.
Aryl sulfonic acids are easily synthesized by an electrophilic substitution reaction aromatic using <u>sulfur trioxide as an electrophile</u> (very reactive).
The reaction occurs in three steps:
- The attack on the electrophile forms the sigma complex.
- The loss of a proton regenerates an aromatic ring.
- The sulfonate group can be protonated in the presence of a strong acid (H₂SO₄).
Normally, a mixture of <em>ortho-para</em> substituted products would be obtained. However, since both <em>para</em> positions are occupied, only the <em>ortho </em>substituted product is obtained here.