The story Old Yeller by Fred Gipson is a realistic fiction book. It tells about a fourteen year old boy named Travis who was left in charge of his family and the farm while his papa was away on a cattle drive. One day an old yeller dog shows up and steals some meat and wrecks the fence.
The point of view it will be written in (first, second, or third person), the story line (what the piece will be about), and weather it will be nonfiction or fiction (will you provide facts, dates, etc. or thoughts and opinions.)
To understand if they are noun phrases or not, it is necessary to understand its definition:
A noun phrase is a word or a set of words including a noun, whose function in a sentence can be: to act as a subject, an object or a prepositional object.
Sentence A is not a noun phrase. it is a prepositional phrase functioning as the postmodifier of the noun phrase (a lovely bouquet).
Sentence B is a noun phrase functioning as the subject of the sentence.
Sentence C is a noun phrase functioning as a direct object.
Sentence D is not a noun phrase, as it is a dependent clause and has not nouns in it.
It's a nonessential word, clause, or sentence added to an already grammatically complete sentence. It's most commonly set off by brackets, but it can also be set off by commas or dashes.
Example:
My mother went to the supermarket and picked up some strawberries (my favorite fruit) earlier today.