Speciation is b. the process by which new species are formed. They are often caused by the isolation of certain organisms in terms of environment or geographical area. This is part of the evolutionary changes that various species undergo to brought about by natural selection.
The polar nuclei of the center cell
Answer: Energy decreases as it moves up trophic levels because energy is lost as metabolic heat when the organisms from one trophic level are consumed by organisms from the next level. Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) measures the amount of energy that is transferred between trophic levels. or in materials that the consumer does not digest, or through movement
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In the small intestine, cells contain microvilli, which are tiny hair-like projections that increase nutrient absorption. These projections increase the surface area of the small intestine allowing more area for nutrients to be absorbed.
