The two main stages involved in protein synthesis that is in central dogma theory are transcription and translation. The process of transcription and translation occurs in the nucleus and ribosome respectively. In the translation process, DNA is used as a template and mRNA is synthesized. In translation, a protein is synthesized by translating the codon.
Further Explanation:
The double-helical structure of DNA is duplicated through a process called DNA replication. Then, the DNA undergoes a process of transcription and form RNA. After this, RNA processing starts with post-translation modification and forms three different types of RNA molecules that are rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA. Transcription mainly occurs in the nucleus of the cell. In this stage, DNA acts as a template and synthesized new mRNA. Then, the formation of protein occurs. After the process of transcription, mRNA goes into the ribosome to synthesize new protein. In TRANSLATION processes, mRNA is converted to protein. Transfer ribonucleic acid is a kind of RNA that helps in decoding a messenger RNA sequence into a specific protein.
In TRANSLATION processes, mRNA is converted to protein, but to translate mRNA, it goes under many processing before into protein mainly in eukaryotes.
- 5’Capping: In capping 7, ’methylguanosine is added to the 5’end of the transcription result by joining 5’to 5’phosphate.Capping is done only to protect the nascent mRNA from degradation and help in initiating translation.
- 3’poly A tail: Around 100-250 residue of adenine nucleotide added to the 3’end of mRNA to maintain the stability of mRNA. Firstly, the 3’end of mRNA is cleaved and makes free 3’OH. Poly-A tail help in transporting the mRNA from the nucleus to cytoplasm for the translation process.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Molecular Biology
Chapter: Gene expression
Keywords:
DNA, RNA, replication, double helical, nucleotides, transcription, proteins, translation, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, RNA, converted, messenger, ribosome, nucleus.
Protein and Ribonucleic acids.
Conjugation
The process by which isogamous organisms exchange genetic information during fertilization is called conjugation.
In process of meiosis. The hypothalamus or the master gland in most animals, including humans send signals to the ovaries and testes of the reproductive system. In response to these signals, these ovaries and testes undergoes thesex cells division which is called meiosis<span>. </span>Spermatogenesis <span>in male gametes, is the process of sex cell division among sperm cells. On the other hand, </span>oogenesis<span> is for the female gametes. These cell divisions among respective gametes produces haploid cell which only contain one pair of chromosomes, in number -23.<span> </span></span>
Answer:
A. Pharmacogenomics
Explanation:
The use of persons genetic makeup or information or genome, to select or choose the medicine and dosage of the drugs to be administered that will likely work t for that particular person is called Pharmacogenomics . This field of science combines the knowledge of how drugs work, called pharmacology, with the knowledge of the human genome, called genomics.
The aim of Pharmacogenomics is to optimize drug therapy, with consideration on the patients' genotype. Moreover it targets to ensure maximum efficiency with minimum adverse reactions. By utilizing pharmacogenomics, we have a high hope that drug treatments can veer away from the "one-dose-fits-all" approach to medication.
Answer: It is Glucose and Galactose
