An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions or protons.
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LD50 is defined as the lethal dose 50% which describes the amount of material required to kill 50% of the testing population. It is given in units of mg of chemical per kg of bodyweight of the recipient.
Comparing hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid, we see that peroxide has a lower LD50 of 900 mg/kg, with acetic acid having LD50 = 3310 mg/kg. When comparing LD50 values, the smaller value will be the more toxic compound. What this means is that in this case, a smaller amount of peroxide is required to kill 50% of the testing population compared to acetic acid.
Therefore, 3% hydrogen peroxide is more hazardous to consume.
Half-life refers to the time taken for half of the atoms in a radioactive substance to decay. Therefore in 1 half-life the 80 mg of substance will reduce to 40 mg. In another half-life it will reduce from 40 mg to 20 mg, then in a third half-life from 20 mg to 10 mg. Therefore the half-life is equal to the total time taken to decay from 80 mg to 10 mg divided by 3:
t(1/2) = 36 hours / 3 = 12 hours.
