Upwelling is the natural process which brings cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface. A huge upwelling regularly occurs off the coast of Peru, which enjoys a large fishing industry as a result. Upwelling is a process in which currents bring deep, cold water to the surface of the ocean.
It is the same amount. For example, Carbon has 4 electrons. Putting those 4 electrons in a Lewis Dot Structure will show that they are not paired, so 4 is the number of bonds Carbon can make.