Answer:
by statistical analyses, especially by determining the p-value
Explanation:
In general, observations and results obtained from experimental procedures are subjected to a statistical test to check the robustness of the working hypothesis. The p-value is the most widely used statistical index in order to test such observations and results. The p-value is the statistical probability of obtaining extreme observed results when the null hypothesis is considered correct. A p-value lesser than 0.05 generally is considered statistically significant and then the null hypothesis can be rejected. In consequence, a very low p-value (which is obtained by statistical analysis of the observations and results), indicates that there is strong evidence in support of the alternative hypothesis.
Molar mass of 13c = 13 grams
number of moles = mass / molar mass
therefore,
number of moles = 7 / 13
To know the number of atoms in 7/13 moles, we simply multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number as follows:
number of atoms = (7/13) x 6.022 x 10^23 = 3.2426 x 10^23 atoms
A solution of KNO3 consists of ions of potassium and nitrate. The ionic equation is expressed as:
KNO3 = K+ + NO3-
There is 1 is to 1 ratio between the substances. So, the molarity of NO3- in the solution is calculated as follows:
0.160 mol / L KNO3 ( 1 mol NO3- / 1 mol KNO3 ) = 0.160 M NO3-
Covalent for the first one
