Answer:
When the required direction of transport is opposed to concentration levels, a cell <u>will </u> expend energy to force<u> ions</u> across its membrane.
Explanation:
If the concentration gradient is opposite to the direction of transport of minerals, then the cell will use energy to transport mineral ions from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. The most common process through which this happens is termed as the active transport.
The process of active transport is opposite to passive transport. In passive transport, molecules move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
Alleles are letters that represent dominant and recessive traits.
A capital letter represents a dominant trait
A lowercase letter represents a recessive trait.
Dominant traits over shadow the recessive ones. This is known as complete dominance.
Referring to your questions let's us the alleles HH, Hh, and hh for the height of the pea plants.
But what do those letters mean?
HH = homozygous dominant (Tall)
Homo means same.
hh = homozygous recessive (Short)
Now this is different: here's Hh.
There's a capital AND lowercase letter.
This means that the plant carries the gene for tall and short plants, and can pass on either trait to the offspring.
BUT the dominant always over shadows the recessive. So Hh is a tall plant.
Hh = heterozygous (hybrid) (Tall)
You can interpret hetero meaning different.
Now I hope you're with me!
For question two it asks if a short plant can ever be a hybrid.
Referring to what I just said, that answer would be no.
Because there is no dominant trait to over shadow the recessive.
And short plants have the hh alleles, and they are homozygous NOT heterozygous (hybrid).
I hope this helps, and makes sense! If you have any questions please let me know. Genetics can be confusing.
1. Plant cells have a cellulose cell wall
2. Plant cells have a vacuole containing cell sap
3. Plant cells have chloroplast
