Answer: All of these are true (besides the one that says that none are true...).
Explanation:
The ecological succession is a slow change in the living community of the ecosystem along with the changes occurring in the non-living environment until the ecosystem attains stability.
The primary succession can be defined as the initial level of succession. This succession begins in the primitive environment. The soil develops after the weathering process of rocks.
The secondary succession begins in the region where life forms existed before and the area begin damaged by the catostrophic event like forest fire, earthquake and other type of calamities. Some remaining plant parts can give birth to the entire colony of plants.
Answer:
As the spies of a cactus are modified leaves, they have ar spaces.
Explanation:
However, leaves of cactus are not like every other leaf. These leaves are in the form of spines to save the amount of water that the cactus needs.
Most of the amount of water, cactus s saving in its root. Also, the stem of a cactus is used for making food, and this is also the way of saving the water.
Answer: A
Explanation: the ice age posed a new chalenge to deer mice and on the ice the preadators could spot the darker deer mice better than the light deer mice.
I am not entirely sure what you mean by "responding variable" but I'm going to guess it was the vinegar since it has been used as a perservative for years.
Hope that helps in some way.