logos is using logic so it could be that, and ethos is using a character or tries to convince you of its credibility so that is another option. Decide if their trying to appeal to credibility or if the statistic is more important.
True because Direct characterization, or explicit characterization, describes the character through their physical description, line of work, or passions and pursuits. Indirect characterization describes a character through their thoughts, actions, speech, and dialogue
I always like to think of figurative meaning as deeper meaning: what is the narrator really trying to get the reader to understand? Once you have your answer, think about the key words in that excerpt that helped you uncover the figurative meaning-- these will always be figurative devices, so you're already half way through this question. (pro tip: stick to the text to uncover it-- don't stray to far from the information you are being provided)
Lastly, you're being asked to identify literary devices here, do you notice any symbols? Something that usually stands for something else that might relate to that deeper/figurative meaning? Also, think about how the way in which the author phrased these symbols impacted the overall deeper meaning.
