Answer:
an example of an organism being directly affected by a biotic factor is
a wood pecker makes holes in a trees bark and that allows insects into the tree killing it the biotic factors are the wood pecker and the insects the affected organism is the tree
Explanation:
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Mechanism of macroevolution works by multiple acts of speciation on an ancestral organism.
Answer:
a. inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that converts cAMP to AMP.
Explanation:
The phosphodiesterases are a group of enzymes that are capable of breaking phosphodiester bonds such as those between nucleotides in nucleic acids. The Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger involved in intracellular signaling pathways. This molecule (cAMP) is hydrolyzed by the cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterase, which catalyzes the enzymatic breakdown of phosphodiester bonds (i.e., hydrolyzing cAMP to 5-AMP). The cAMP levels are modulated by the balance between its generation and the degradation via cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
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The various planets are thought to have formed from the solar nebula, the disc-shaped cloud of gas and dust left over from the Sun's formation.
